The Kidney Clinic

Hypertension

Hypertension, or high blood pressure (BP), is a condition characterized by consistently elevated blood pressure levels above 120/80 mmHg. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is recorded with two numbers: systolic pressure (the upper number) measures the force of blood against the artery walls when the heart beats, while diastolic pressure (the lower number) measures the pressure when the heart is at rest between beats.

Causes and Risk Factors

Hypertension can be caused by various factors, including:

  • Genetics: A family history of high blood pressure increases the risk.
  • Lifestyle Factors: High salt intake, lack of physical activity, and excessive alcohol consumption can contribute to elevated BP.
  • Health Conditions: Chronic conditions like diabetes, kidney disease, and coronary artery disease can exacerbate hypertension.
  • Age: The risk of hypertension increases with age.
  • Obesity: Excess weight puts added strain on the heart and blood vessels.

Target Blood Pressure Goals

For most individuals, a normal blood pressure is below 120/80 mmHg. However, for those with specific health conditions, such as:

  • Diabetes: Lower blood pressure targets are often recommended to reduce the risk of complications. The typical goal is usually below 130/80 mmHg.
  • Coronary Artery Disease: Patients are often advised to maintain blood pressure below 130/80 mmHg to help manage their condition and reduce cardiovascular risk.

Lifestyle Modifications

Lifestyle changes are the first step in managing high blood pressure and include:

  • Dietary Changes: Reducing salt intake, eating more fruits and vegetables, and following a heart-healthy diet like the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet.
  • Regular Exercise: Engaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week, such as walking, swimming, or cycling.
  • Weight Management: Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight can significantly lower blood pressure.
  • Limiting Alcohol and Quitting Smoking: Both smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can elevate blood pressure.

Importance of Regular Check-Ups

Regular visits to your healthcare provider are essential for monitoring your blood pressure, assessing the effectiveness of lifestyle changes and medications, and preventing complications associated with hypertension. Adhering to your treatment plan and making necessary adjustments based on your doctor’s recommendations can help maintain blood pressure within target ranges and improve overall cardiovascular health.